1. He aha ka pahu metala a me ka pahu alumini
I ka wā o ka mōʻaukala, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka metala foamed he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kahua holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻenehana waiwai. ʻO ka pahu metala kahi mea i haku ʻia me kahi ʻano metala he nui nā pores a hoʻopiha ʻia me ke kinoea ma ka hale [2]. Hiki ke hoʻopili a hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pores o kēia mau ʻōhua metala, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo open-cell foam a pani-cell foam, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 2(a)(b) [3]. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka alumini foamed mea i kēia manawa ka mea hoʻohiki nui loa, ma muli o kona porosity kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, māmā ke kaumaha, ikaika kiʻekiʻe, maikaʻi compressibility, ikaika hopena absorption, maikaʻi ke kani absorption hana, a me ka hana pale electromagnetic maikaʻi. ʻO ka hana maikaʻi loa, no laila ua ʻike ʻia ʻo "metal star" [4], i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe ma nā kahua o ka ʻenekinia aerospace, ka hana ʻana a me ka ʻepekema kino.
Kiʻi 2. Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka alumini huʻa: (a) Open-cell alumini foam; (B) Puhu alumini paʻa-paʻa [3]
2. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka alumini pua
Ma ka mōʻaukala, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea e like me ka iwi, ka lāʻau, a me ka pumice no ka manawa lōʻihi. He nui nā mea noiʻi e wānana i ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia mau mea i hoʻoikaika i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana kanaka e like me ka pahu metala. ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻenehana huʻihuʻi i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia mai ka makahiki 1950, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hiki ke huli ʻia ka ʻike ʻana o ka pahu alumini i ka makahiki 1926, i ka wā i ʻōlelo mua ai ʻo Ma De Meller i ka huʻa metala ma kahi patent Farani. Ua ʻōlelo mua ʻo Meller e hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻohāhā me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ke kinoea inert i loko o ka metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a i ʻole ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe e like me ka carbonate i loko o ka metala hehee. ʻOiai he patent wale nō kēia e pili ana i ka manaʻo, hoʻokumu ia i ke kumu no nā ʻanuʻu e pono ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pahu alumini. Ua hoʻomohala hou ʻo John C. Elliott i kēia manaʻo ma hope o 20 mau makahiki, e hoʻolālā ana i kahi mana hou o ka patent Meller a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka pahu alumini mua loa i loaʻa, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea i kōkua i ke kālepa ʻana o nā mea ma Iapana i nā makahiki 1990. Ua hoʻokumu ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke kumu [5].
3. Ka hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka alumini foamed
ʻO ka pahu alumini ka mea metala me ka porosity kiʻekiʻe a me ke ʻano porous, kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā pores i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi o ʻekolu hapaha o ka nui o ka nui o ka mea metala, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa loa i ka mea [7]. Ma waho aʻe o nā hiʻohiʻona i luna, ua loaʻa i ka alumini foamed nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻoheheʻe ikaika a me ka compressibility kiʻekiʻe [7]. E pili ana i ka nui, ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi ʻo ka nui o ka nui o nā mea hoʻohālike alumini foamed ma kahi o 0.4-1.2 g·cm-3 [6]. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i ka alumini foamed ke kani kani, recyclability a me ka conductivity thermal haʻahaʻa [7].
Ma ke ʻano o ka noi, ʻo ka pale electromagnetic, ke kaumaha māmā a me nā waiwai absorptive o ka pahu alumini e lilo ia i moho kūpono no nā ʻāpana i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻenehana fusion nuklea i hoʻomalu ʻia, nā kaʻa, aerospace a me nā ʻoihana kūkulu ma muli o kona kū kūʻē ʻana i nā kaiapuni kino. I loko o ka mea hoʻohui nuklea hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo ka pahu alumini paʻa paʻa kahi mea pale electromagnetic maikaʻi loa. Ma muli o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka skeleton foam aluminika, loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻāpana kikoʻī kikoʻī nui a me ka hiki ke hoʻopili a hōʻike i nā nalu electromagnetic. Loaʻa nā poho like ʻole, e like me ka poho absorption, nalowale noʻonoʻo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i loaʻa i ka alumini foamed ka hana pale electromagnetic maikaʻi loa. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka pale ʻana o ka pale electromagnetic o ka alumini foamed i hōʻike i ke ʻano o ka emi mua ʻana a laila hoʻonui ʻia me ka piʻi ʻana o ka hawewe electromagnetic [3]. I ka ʻoihana aerospace, hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini foamed e hana i nā cones space a i ʻole nā ʻāpana turbine. Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka alumini foamed, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha o nā ʻāpana mokulele [7]. A ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe ikehu maikaʻi loa, hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini puaʻa no ka hana ʻana i nā pale o nā mokulele, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe haʻalulu a me ka lalo o ka hale hoʻihoʻi o ka mokulele, i hiki ai i ka mokulele ke hoʻokō i kahi pae palekana a pale i ka palekana o nā astronauts a me nā lako lewa. Ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka haʻalulu haʻalulu, hiki i ka alumini foamed ke hōʻoia i ka palekana o nā astronauts ma lalo o ka hopena o ka pae ʻana o ka mokulele, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 3 [8].
Kiʻi 3. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka bilge pale-pilikia [8]
1-ʻili luna; 2-foam alumini stringers; 3-ʻili haʻahaʻa
Ma ka ʻoihana kaʻa, kōkua ka alumini foamed i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻāpana i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ke kiʻi, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kaʻina hana, a ma hope e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana [7]. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini foam i nā kaola anti-collision, nā kaola a me nā kaola puka i nā hale kino kaʻa ma ka mākeke, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka Figure 4 [9-10].
He kiʻi 4. (a) he kiʻikuhi o ka ikehu hapa ʻāpana o ke kino kaʻa;
(B) Ke kiʻi kiʻi o ka pahu alumini anti-collision bar
I ka ʻoihana kūkulu, ʻo ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka alumini foamed he mea pale, pale ahi e pale ai i ka leo nui. ʻO ka hoʻohana maʻamau o ka pahu alumini paʻa paʻa i ka hale hoʻolālā ʻo Shanghai SOHO Fuxing Plaza. Hoʻohana ka mea hoʻolālā i ka nui o ka alumini foam e hoʻomoʻa a hoʻopaʻa i ke kani, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka Figure 6 [11].
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka alumini foamed i manaʻo ʻia he hana kupaianaha. Hoʻohui ka mea alumini foamed i ka hana pale electromagnetic maikaʻi loa, ke kaumaha māmā, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ka haʻalulu haʻalulu a me ka hana absorption ikehu, no laila he hana maikaʻi loa ia i nā ʻoihana like ʻole i kēia lā. Hoʻohana ākea. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, ʻo ka alumini foamed kekahi huahana pili i ke kaiapuni i hiki ke hana hou ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi he mea hoʻomau a manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā noi ʻoihana e hiki mai ana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-30-2021
